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Henry Addington, Viscount Sidmouth

1757-1844. The first middle class Prime Minister (1801-1804). Eldest son of country doctor Dr Anthony Addington and Mary Hiley. 

  • 1757: Born on 30 May at Bedford Row, Holborn, London
  • Education: Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxford (BA: 1778; MA: 1780)
  • 1781: Married Ursula Mary Hammond, who had an income of £1000 per year. 4 sons and 4 daughters.
  • 1823: Married Honorable Mary Anne Townsend
  • 1784: 5 April, MP for  Devizes, Wiltshire. Represented Devizes until 1805.
  • 1784: 11 May. Called to the Bar. 
  • 1789: Appointed speaker of the House of Commons at the instigation of Pitt until 1801
  • 1801: 17 March. Appointed Prime Minister on Pitt's resignation and in recognition of his opposition to catholic emancipation
  • 1801: During the summer and autumn, Addington and his Foreign Secretary, Lord Hawkesbury,  negotiated a peace settlement with the French ambassador, Monsieur Otto 
  • 1802: 25 March. Peace of Amiens brought a temporary halt to the 1793-1814 war. To reduce public spending, Addington reduced the manning of the army and navy. He also repealed income tax and overhauled the tax system.
  • 1802: July. Appointed his son to the sinecure of Clerk of the Pells, worth £3,000 a years to much disapproval
  • 1802: July. Strengthens his ministry at general election
  • 1803: May. The war against France resumed and the split between Addington and Pitt widened
  • 1804: 10 May. Resigns as Prime Minister after 3 years, 54 days, so that Pitt could resume office 
  • 1805: 12 January. Elevated to the House of Lords as Viscount Sidmouth 
  • 1806: Resigned from the Cabinet after a disagreement with Pitt
  • 1806: Lord Privy Seal, then Lord President of the Council, in the 'All the Talents' coalition government of Lord Grenville. Resigned when Lord Grenville attempted to legislate to allow Catholics in Ireland to hold military commissions up to the rank of colonel
  • 1811: First wife died
  • 1812: April. Lord President of the Council
  • 1812-21: Lord Liverpool's Home Secretary. He took harsh action to suppress Luddite disaffection and prevent the outbreak of revolution. He presided over the infamous Peterloo massacre, though he had cautioned Manchester magistrates against confrontation
  • 1817: Habeas Corpus suspended
  • 1819: Six Acts passed. These 
    • banned most meetings of over 50 people
    • gave magistrates power to search private houses for weapons
    • prohibited military training by civilians
    • strengthened the laws of libel and blasphemy
    • limited the right of defendants to delay a trial
    • hit radical newspapers and pamphlets by increasing the stamp duty on  to 4 pence 
  • 1822: Minister without Portfolio
  • 1824: Resigned from Cabinet
  • 1829: Last speech in the House of Lords, opposing catholic emancipation
  • 1844: Second wife dies
  • 1844: Died of influenza on 15 February at Richmond, Surrey

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